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A Computerized Payroll System - 4841 Words

Abstract 1.0 Introduction 1-1 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1-1 1.2 Current state of the Technology 1-2-1-4 1.3 Objectives 1-5 1.3.1 General Problem 1-5 1.3.2 Specific Problem 1-5 – 1-6 1.3.3 General Objectives 1-6 1.3.4 Specific Objectives 1-6 – 1-7 1.3.5 Scope and Limitations 1-7 – 1-9 2.0 Theoretical Framework 2-1 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Database Management 2-2 2.3 Information System 2-2 2.4 Transaction Processing System 2-3 2.5 Computer 2-3 2.5.1 Hardware 2-3 2.5.2 Software 2-4 2.5.3 Microsoft Access 2-4 2.5.4 Microsoft Word 2-4 3.0 A Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments 3-1 3.1. Introduction 3-1 3.2 System Design†¦show more content†¦Failure to manage a payroll effectively may cause many problems for the company and its employees. It could mean loss of money, integrity, and trust between both parties. Oftentimes, it takes many hours of work and manpower to get the job done. In certain cases, effective payroll management is compromised by the lack of an effective system. Most companies may have enough manpower and resources. However, with an effective information technology, managing a payroll will be simpler, cost-effective, timely and reliable. One of the companies that use manual payroll system is the Arias Garments. It was established last September 18, 1994 at #88 Bargy. Latag, Lipa City, under the management of Mr. Alex Arias together with his wife Mrs. Anita Carol Katigbak. It started with only forty machines and ten employees. The capital of Arias Garments is Php 500,000.00. By 1996, Arias Garments became the subcontractor of Champan Garments. Champan Garments produce and transport products like Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Tommy, and Hilfinger. As of now, Arias Garments have 176 machines and 100 employees (40 regular and 60 contractual). 8:00AM is the time-in of employees, 4:00PM is the time out, and they consider 8:15AM as late. Employees who are late or either log-out earlier than 4:00PM will have a deduction on their wages (deduction is 0.61 per minutes late or under time). First offense, for late and employees who under time, will be givenShow MoreRelatedA Proposed Computerized Payroll System1938 Words   |  8 Pagescomputer system constantly in order to stay competitive. The multi function ability of technology for its advance system is also an important factor for a company to use software. It makes efficient use of the advance technology and has ambition to discover more. Computers have the great impact on the profession of accounting. With the rapid growth of technology today, there is no doubt that computer will become a common asset in all profession. The program also allows the monthly payroll scheduleRead MoreEssay on A Proposed Computerized Payroll System1050 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ A PROPOSED COMPUTERIZED PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR VESTECH INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES SAN ROQUE, STO.TOMAS BATANGAS, PHILIPPINES A Project Study Presented To the Faculty of AMA Computer Learning Center Lipa, Branch In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in System Analysis and Design By: Ivilyn D. Ramos March 2014 APPROVAL SHEET This system development study entitled â€Å"A Proposed Computerized Payroll System for VEZTECH INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES, Sto.Tomas , Batangas†, preparedRead MoreResearch Design of Computerized Payroll System2519 Words   |  11 Pagesinterested in connectivity, connecting computers together to share resources. Even though the computers can have different disk operating systems, languages, cabling and locations, they still can communicate to one another and share resources. 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As IT information is adopted within the organization, automation control processes has become more virtualized. To ensure that Kudler’s computerize systems function properly an audit must be performed on an annual basis. Management at Kudler Fine Foods wants to see the proposed audit schedules for all systems. Management wants to know the types of audit and how they will be conducted. In additionRead MoreCurrent Information Systems Within Human Resources1398 Words   |  6 Pages Current Information Systems within Human Resources The Human Resources department is currently working on bring the information systems platform into the 21st century. Excel has been a good tool to use within the HR department. However, it is critical for the management team to maintain a comprehensive and fast flexible system that aligns with the trends as it relates to a successuful business (Dusmanescu Bradic-Martinovic, 2011). A successful business reflects organizational flexibility whichRead MorePayroll Accounting5425 Words   |  22 PagesMZUMBE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF COMMERCE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON; EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMPUTERISED PAYROLL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM A CASE STUDY AT THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS DAR ES SALAAM BY HASSAN MOHAMED HANGAI BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTANCY AND FINANCE (B.A.F) OCTOBER 2010 A RESEACH PROPOSAL TO BE SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A DEGREE ON BUSINESS ACCOUNTANCY AND FINANCE AT MZUMBE UNIVERSITY MOROGORO-TANZANIA 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0.0 MEANINGRead MorePayroll System Srs1912 Words   |  8 PagesComputerized Generic Payroll System Software Requirements Specification Version 1.2 SOFTWARE Requirements Specification Template DOCUMENT CHANGE HISTORY |Version Number |Date |Description | |1.0 | |System is developed to assist the tracking and managing of the products, specifically| | Read MorePayroll System Documentation2941 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Information Technology is the study, design, development, implementation and support management of information system. 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Muradzi v Minister for Immigration-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Examine and discuss the reasons of Tracey J for his decision and the implications of this case in relation to valid visa applications. Answer: Introduction: Before going to the decision of the case and the reasons upon which Tracey J has come to such decisions, it is required to go through a brief knowledge of the fact of the case. The fact of the case is that the appellant applies for a Skilled (Provisional) (Class VC) migration visa. As per the provisions of the Act and the regulations, which deal with the procedure of the application of Visa, the appellant is to make the application for the renewal of visa within 15 March 2010, as the visa will expire on the same day. The appellant makes an application on the same day but through the mode of application, which has not been referred in the provisions of the Act and the regulations. The concerned office received the application on the next day when the visa has already expired. Therefore, the visa application has been refused and said as invalid. The officer who received the application said that the application was not made within the limitation period and in proper way. Therefore, the application stands rejected. On the decision of the Officer of the Immigration Department, the appellant sought for a judicial review and filed an appeal in the High Court of Australia. Reasons of the decision: The Judge dismissed the appeal on the following grounds. Firstly, the appellant has not made the application in the prescribed procedure as per the item 1229(3)(a) of the Schedule 1 of the Migration Regulations 1994[1] and so the minister had no obligation to consider the appeal. As per item 1229(3)(a) it has been said that the application must be made through internet or by posting the letter to the post box address or through courier service. The appellant has not taken the alternatives mentioned in the schedule and has sent the application through electronic transmission which as per the act has no validity. As per the provisions of the regulations, the appellant needs to file application for visa in the prescribed procedure and within the limitation period set by the register office. The appellant has failed to comply with the provisions of the regulation i.e. item 1229(3)(a) and has not applied for visa in the prescribed procedure and thus the visa application which reached the office cannot be consider as an application under the Migration Regulation. However, the appellant failed to comply with the statutory requirements of the regulation. Judge Tracey reached this decision by holding that the Court should approach the item 1229 (3) (a) construction in similar manner as it has approached provisions equivalent to the sub items (I) (dealing with prescribed forms) and (2) (dealing with fees). Secondly, the judge considering the provisions in the Migration Act states that the appellant has not complied with the provisions of the Act under Sec. 45(2) and (3). As per the sections it provided that the ministry would consider those applications as valid which has complied the provisions of the Act. Item 1229(3)(a) of the Schedule 1 of the Migration Regulations 1994 Therefore, the application of the appellant was rejected. In Project Blue Sky Inc Others v Australian Broadcasting Authority, the court has evaluated certain principle as to determining the validity of the act done by a person by breaching the statutory duty[2]. Accordingly, the Judge held that the decision fell under the other matters that Regulation 2.07 (I) requires to be satisfied for the visa application to be valid. Judge Tracey held that all the provisions relating to visa application were integral part of the same prescriptive legislative scheme. All the requirements of the scheme, therefore, must be met for a valid application to be made. The Judge subsequently agreed with High Court Judges that the Minister could not consider the purported application. Moreover, the court states that whether it was the purpose of the legislation that an act done which breach or violate the provision of the legislation should be considered to be invalid depends on the language and the scope and object of the legislation. Therefore, as per Tracey J, the appellant has breached the provisions of the Acts and regulations of Migration Department and thus the application of the Visa made by the appellant is invalid. Implication of this case in relation to Valid Visa Application: The decision of the court in dismissing the appellants application for Visa and asks the ministry not to entertain the application for the visa where the provisions of the Act and regulations. The case set a precedent and clarity on what really constitute the valid visa application. This is because gave the right and landmark construction of the statute and what the applicants seeking to make valid visa application need to do to have their applications considered by the Minister[3]. It also vindicated the Minister and set out the role of the Minister in valid visa application. The ruling also helped emphasized the need for the applicants of a valid visa to strictly follow the laid down rules and comply with all the requirements without looking for alternatives that are not grounded in law. Principle of Statutory Interpretation: Judge Tracey adopted the purposive rule of interpretation based on the use of external material in coming to the final decision and concludes the case with the give judgment. The Judge in this case has taken the assistance of the external material such as the case laws and the precedents to decide the matter and to determine the parliamentary purpose o the legislation. Judge understood the need to consider the language of the relevant provision along with the scope as well as object of the entire statute to arrive at the correct statutory interpretation to guide his arrival at the above conclusion in the appeal[4]. The purposive rule or principle or approach to the statutory interpretation of statutes has been untouched until emphasis and initiative has been taken by Prof. Burrows and Justice McGrath. The purposive approach is of great assistance dealing with interpretation of the statutes where the Judge examines the principle of parliament intention/object of Act and the scheme of the Act with the help of external material. The subject of the statutory interpretation is important because much of the law is contained in the statute books and the majority of the issues come before the court includes statutory interpretation. The Judge gave the word their statutory, literal, and grammatical meaning to establish the legislature intention. The judge has also considered Section 25C of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 in dealing with the appellants case[5]. The provision states that when a form is prescribed under the Act then without any contrary intention, strict compliance is not necessary but substantial compliance is sufficient. For instance, where a statutory provision requires an application to be made to constitute a valid action under the legislation and if the applicant does not comply to the provision of the legislation then in such matter the court may interpret as invalid action of the applicant. Section 15AA of the Acts interpretation Act states the object of the use of purposive approach to the interpretation of statutes is that the purposive rule in the construction of the statutory interpretation would promote the purpose and object underlying the Act. As per the statute of interpretation it says that it is not required to adopt the purposive approach all the time. The approach will be considered only in case where there is availability of several constructions then the purposive rule is to be taken into consideration to promote the actual purpose of the Act. In Mills v Meeking[6] it has been stated that the provisions of any Act does not require any ambiguity or inconsistency for its operation. Therefore, it is clear that the provisions of the statute have been drafted with a purposive approach. Thus, Judge Tracey has decided the case by applying the purposive rule in the interpretation of the statutes and provisions. Conclusion: The judge thus had no doubt as to the legislatures intention, but that which was intended was never said in the statute. Thus he had the view that the legislative intent had to appear from the words actually utilized, and never from what was intended to be said by the legislature, but they failed to say. Judge Tracey was aware that he had no discretion to go beyond words used in the statute itself thus only viewed himself as the interpreter of the parliaments will[7]. Therefore, Judge Tracey knew that he had no basis speculating about what legislature actually intended but to interpret the law by looking at the statute itself as well as attempting to formulate the intended meaning by legislature on this basis. Bibliography: Administrative Decision-Making In Australian Migration Law - ANU(2017) Press-files.anu.edu.au ACTS INTERPRETATION ACT 1901(2017) Austlii.edu.au ACTS INTERPRETATION ACT 1901 - SECT 25Ccompliance With Forms(2017) Austlii.edu.au AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL(2003) www.austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/RevenueLawJl/2003/3.pdf (2017) https://www.lexisnexis.com.au/laying-down-the-law/downloads/chapter_13.pdf (2017) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UQLawJl/1953/2.pdf Hunter Resources Ltd V Melville(2017) Eresources.hcourt.gov.au LA304 - Topic 3 - Principles Relating To The Interpretation Of Statutes Andconstitutions(2017) Vanuatu.usp.ac.fj MIGRATION REGULATIONS 1994 - SCHEDULE 1Classes Of Visa(2017) Austlii.edu.au Project Blue Sky Inc V Australian Broadcasting Authority [1998] HCA 28 | Office Of State Revenue(2017) MIGRATION REGULATIONS 1994 - SCHEDULE 1Classes Of Visa(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_reg/mr1994227/sch1.html. Project Blue Sky Inc V Australian Broadcasting Authority [1998] HCA 28 | Office Of State Revenue(2017) 203.55.28.185 https://203.55.28.185/project-blue-sky-inc-v-australian-broadcasting-authority-1998-hca-28. Administrative Decision-Making In Australian Migration Law - ANU(2017) Press-files.anu.edu.au https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p318861/html/ch03.xhtml?referer=page=5. Administrative Decision-Making In Australian Migration Law - ANU(2017) Press-files.anu.edu.au https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p318861/html/ch03.xhtml?referer=page=5. ACTS INTERPRETATION ACT 1901 - SECT 25Ccompliance With Forms(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/aia1901230/s25c.html. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL(2003) www.austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/RevenueLawJl/2003/3.pdf. (2017) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UQLawJl/1953/2.pdf.

Macbeth Paper Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Paper Essay Fear, this motivates us to do many things no matter if they are right or wrong. In the play Macbeth it was fear that was the main motivating factor that influenced the outcome of the play. The impacts of fear affecting the many irrational behavior of his shortly came about after Duncans murder, which then led to the other murders; and why were these committed? It was because Macbeth was scared of being caught and having to pay for the wrongs he had done. Also look at Lady Macbeth, the constant washing of her hands, sleepwalking and other behavior like this. All done out of fear, and like her husband fear of being caught. We will write a custom essay on Macbeth Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The majority of Macbeths actions, were all committed out of fear, not only of being caught but of the witches prophecies, he was scared of them coming true and tried to stop them from happening. This whole play was inspired by fear and what it can do to a person. Shakespeare has done a wonderful job at depicting fear and how it would cause people to make poor and irrational behaviors. The concept of fear has not changed, only portrayed through different ways. Shakespeares ideal of fear not only impacted his time period, but has left a mark on our society and literature. Macbeths fears and anxieties arise shortly after the murder of Duncan. Macbeths fear is starting to consume him, he can no longer sleep and is ravaged by guilt over what hes done. Macbeth, had just killed the King of Scotland and blamed it on Malcolm and Donaldbain. People believed his allegations and he became King. He should have been content with what he has just gain, but instead he led ambition and greed get to the better of him. Keeping in mind of the witches prophecy, he feared and loathed Banquo for he was the only other witness. The witches foretold that Macbeth would be King, but it would be Banquos children that would follow after him. This made Macbeth very angry, he risked everything to become King and after him none of his family will follow. Only for them; and mine eternal jewel Given to the common enemy of man, To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings! Here Macbeth realizes that if something is not done to Banquo, then his sons will become King. Macbeth cannot let this happen, he has already worried that his soul will go to hell for what he has already done. His fear becomes evident in this scene also, But to be safely thus: our fears in Banquo Stick deep; Macbeth then has Banquo murdered, but Fleance escapes in the attack, which then only proves that he cannot cheat fate. Next Macduff refuses to accept Macbeth as king and flees to England to join Malcom. At this point Macbeths conscience is plagued with fear and evil. His mind is so consumed that he does not know what to do anymore. So he goes and seeks guidance from the witches and they tell him to beware of Macduff, which angers Macbeth and drives him to kill Macduffs family. They also tell him that he may be king now, but Banqos descendants will gain the throne. More fear of losing the throne, makes Macbeth come up with the conclusion that from this moment on he will start doing anything that comes to his mind and will disregard any consequences. Lady Macbeth is also being comsumed by fear and guilt, she is slowing losing her sanity. This is a result of her not being able to handle what she has done to Duncan. Out, damned spot! out,I say! One;Two:why, then tis time to dot. Hell is murky. Fie, my lord, fie! a soldier and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account? Here Lady Macbeth is trying to wash out what she sees as being blood on her hands. As well as she mentions hell an obvious fear of going there for what she has done. At the start Lady Macbeth was the one pushing on Macbeth to kill Duncan but as the play goes on she becomes weaker as Macbeth becomes stronger, Macbeth is not troubled by what he has done to the extent Lady Macbeth is. .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d , .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .postImageUrl , .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d , .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d:hover , .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d:visited , .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d:active { border:0!important; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d:active , .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48407860e1c0faf8b37fde398952ff0d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Contrast Of Romeo And Juliet An West Side Story EssayHer role in the play slowly becomes smaller and smaller as she ends up being driven mad by the guilt and soon can no longer take, and ends up taking her own life hoping that her torment will end. The Queen, my Lord is dead , Lady Macbeth takes her life right before the battle against the english is about to begin (the demise of Macbeth). This taking of her own life demonstrates her fear and in the end how fear has led her to take her own life. The witches played a major role in helping to create and spread the fear. They were the main source of fear for Macbeth, after all it was where has he learned everything from. With each new vision, Macbeth falls deeper and deeper into an evil spiral. From the witches first prediction of Macbeth being king, which made Macbeth murder to become king. Upon hearing Banquos children becoming kings, this scared Macbeth of losing the throne. Also when he went back to see the witches he gained some more knowledge, to beware of Macduff; Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! beware Macduff; Beware the thane of Fife. , and that all his sacrifices were basically for nothing. Now that Macbeth has heard this, he believes that he must kill Macduff, however he learns that Macduff has fled to England, so Macbeth decides to kill his family. He has put all his faith in the prophecies, and what the witches say must be true because they have been right so far. This definitely ensured Macbeths tragic ending. Fear made Macbeth mad for power which he ended up getting. But after the first of his crimes the rest became easier for him, pretty soon he would just order it and not think twice. All through the play his fear of being caught, and the witches prophecies coming true made him commit most of these evil deeds. Fear had become the main movating factor in the play. Through this play, Shakespeare

Applying Ethics in Practice Essays - Ethics, Axiology, Free Essays

Applying Ethics in Practice Essays - Ethics, Axiology, Free Essays Applying Ethics in Practice Laura Rubio BSHS/335 March 23, 2015 Stephanie Chupein Applying Ethics in Practice As a human services professional there will be times that you do not always agree with your client. And your personal values can become an ethical issue. One thing to keep in mind would be that, as a professional is that you need to set your own feelings aside to help your client. With my own personal values one that would become an ethical issue would be if a pregnant mother came in and was using drugs at the time. I believe strongly that no child should be brought up into drugs, and that the mother or father should be worried about the well-being of their unborn child. I believe that no parent should use drugs, especially a mother that is pregnant with an unborn child it against my moral value. I would be very cautious when helping a family that one or both parents abuse drugs. I would make sure that they family received care and that it will help them care for their family. Any parent that would use their money that they have, or that they receive from welfare be sold to use for d rugs and not to feed their children is a moral value of mine. I believe that all children should have what is needed for them to survive including food, shelter, and clothing. Even though I am against parents that are drug users, I would have to find a way to get around it so that I am able to help the children who may be involved. I would be able to use an ethnical model and the code of ethics to help me resolve the issue. The first thing that I would need to do would be to identify the problem. Second I would need to know what the potential issues are, third I would need to review the relevant ethics code. Then I would need to obtain a consultation. That way I would know what would be the best course of action. I would also want to consider what the outcome may be for various choices. The ethnical decision model that I would be using would be the feminist model. With this model the client is fully involved. This would involve the consulting with the client fully and appropriately so that the chances of making the right decisions are applicable. This way the client knows what is going on at all times, and is involved in their treatment. The code of ethic that I would use would be informed consent, competence in my area, privacy and confidentiality, access to their records, and if there was going to be a conflict of interest to let them know right away. My main goal would to be able to help my client with whatever means necessary to my ability to help them.

Cause and effects essays

Cause and effects essays The debate on Neanderthal man's place in human evolution has continued unabated since the discovery of the first Neanderthal fossil in 1856. One camp believes Neanderthal man is a human ancestor and should be classified as a subspecies of modern man-Homo sapiens Neanderthals. The opposition argues that Neanderthal man is a distinct species, homo Neanderthals, entirely separate from modern humans. This paper seeks to prove that Neanderthal man is indeed related to modern humans by looking at key elements of Neanderthal physiology, behavior, and culture. Recent findings on the mitochondrial DNA taken from the right humerus of a Neanderthal skeleton failed to show significant similarities with the mitochondrial DNA of modern humans. According to the study, one sequence of Neanderthal DNA shows significant variances from the same sequence in moderns. From this, researchers concluded that Neanderthals diverged about 600,000 years ago to form homo Neanderthals, a genetic line separate from that of the modern homo sapiens. The study, however, was based solely on DNA from one Neanderthal individual because the genetic material is scarce and difficult to extract. One individuals DNA may be an inadequate indicator of the genetic variability within an entire species. (Shipman, 2002) Until more Neanderthal genetic material becomes available, fossil evidence remains the best source of study for on Neanderthal mans physiology and culture. Neanderthals shared key physical characteristics with modern humans. They both have the same skeletal structures. Their brains were roughly the same size in relation to their bodies. Based on their joint structures and cranial capacities, anthropologists believe that Neanderthals were capable of doing many activities that modern humans could do. (Trinkaus and Shipman, p. 412) Proponents of the homo neandertalis argue that Neanderthal bones were much t ...

The Decline of European Christianity Research Paper

The Decline of European Christianity - Research Paper Example However, the rise of â€Å"religious diversity† at present is challenging the status quo because it allows other ‘non-Christian’ denominations to enter Europe and Asia, for instance, Islam.1 Significant events in history shape the formation of religious pluralism. 2 The 9/11 hijacking permits the flow of migrants from one country to the other. In addition, countries with strict immigration policies now allow people from southern Europe to work or even settle permanently. Those countries with strict immigration policies expectedly shared the same religion and sect until such time that migrants from all over the globe, some of whom were missionaries, also brought with them their religious beliefs, consequently converting Europeans into another religion outside of the realm of Christianity. This essay will explore some of the fundamental reasons why Christianity (both Catholicism and Protestantism) has declined in terms of popularity. It is noted that secularization is considered as one of the reasons of the â€Å"slow and steady death† of religion. 3 According to some critics, under secularization theory lies issues about religious fundamentalism especially in the Muslim world and the decreasing popularity of churchgoers. These and other reasons will be discussed in this report. 2.0 Reasons for the Decline of Christianity 2.1 Secularization Theory Secularization is defined as deinstitutionalization or a â€Å"decline in the social power of once-dominant religious institutions whereby other social institutions have escaped from prior religious domination.† 4 This observation is evident by the lesser power possessed by the â€Å"once-dominant† religious institutions such as the Catholic priests and bishops and even Lutheran and Anglican bishops. 5 An initial result that comes to mind would be the decline in the patronization of religion. C. John Sommerville interpreted Rodney Stark’s ideas towards secularization as me rely an observation of people’s adoration towards the culture that associates with the religion; in simple terms, secularization meant the cultural interpretation of people towards their religion and not concerning the spiritual aspect that binds them together.6 In another perspective, secularization theory prompted not only the possible demise of religion in the future but also its â€Å"reinvention† and â€Å"resurgence† of traditional religions, as well as the rise of newer religions.7 This is an offshoot to the common notion regarding secularization theory as merely predictive of the future rather than focused on the past and present. Historical events, by the way, pointed out to the significant role of religious denominations in affecting the political state of the country. Among such events were the Christianity’s impact into overthrowing the communist empire in the former Union Soviet Socialist Republic, and the impact brought by the September 11, 2001 attack in the United States. The lack of religion in Europe is primarily being asserted by the secularization theory, particularly with respect to Christianity. Along with modernization comes the discovery of other religions outside the traditional Christian affiliations. Authors of the book Predicting Religion state that there is a continued increase of the number of Christians who are no longer attending church. From 15% church attendance in 1903, the